Improvement in devices for using compressed air for motive-powers



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L. MEKARSKI. DEVICEFOR USING CoMPREssED .AIR FOR M'oTIvE POWER.

N.PEERS, PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D C.

' 3 sheets-sheen'. l LIM-ERAMET.

hmmm` FOR USING coMPnEssEn AIB. Fon MOTIVE POWER.

lim-177,735. Patented May23,187`6.

N. PETERS, PHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON, D. CU

Louis MKARSKI, on PAI-ns, FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT INl DEVICES For USING coIvIPREss'ED AIR Fori MoTIvE-PowERs.

Specification forming part of Letters To all lwhom it may concern:`

Be it known that I, Louis MKARSKI, of Paris, France, have invented an Improved Apparatus for Utilizing Compressed Air for Obtaining Motive Iower; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ot' the same, reference being had to the annexed sheets of drawings, making a part of the same. I

My invention relates to an improved apparatus for utilizing compressedair asa motive power; and it consists in the means employed for passing the compressed air through a body of heated water, and in the construction and arrangement of a pressure-regulator operating in connection therewith, as hereinafter morefully described.

this invention has chiefly for its object to render practicable the employment of compressed air for locomotives, and for other purposes, where it is necessary to utilize in the best manner possible a limited supply ot' air inclosed, under a high pressure, in a reservoir, and renewable only at certain intervals. For this purpose the said invention comprises an automatic distributing apparatus, which I termv a discharge-regulator,7 for dividing the air which ows from a reservoir, where the pressure changes in decreasing to a fixed point lower than that of the reservoir, but which can be caused to vary instantaneously within certain Wide limits, so that I can proportion, at any moment, the power of the engine to the resistance ithas to overcome. y I

The heating of the air and its mixing with the steam are effected by causing it to pass, in a suitable state of division, through a column of hot water, with which it becomes equal in temperature. Y

The heater may be a'boi'ler lheated continuously by any suitable means, or a cistern containing hotfwater obtained from a separate generator, and which cools in proportion to its work. V

In the first case, the. temperature of the water remains constant; therefore the air passes through under a constant pressure, so

that the Vproportion of the lsteam or vapor brought With it is invariable. Therefore, the regulator should be placed between the air- 177,736, dated May 23, 1876; application filed a self-moving tramway-carriage. The water once cooled is renewed or reheated by a circulation of steam during the charging'ot' the air-reservoir.

The air enters by the central tube., meeting the rose C, whereby it is divided into line jets, which rise through the liquid and Although capable of general application,v

reunite in a steam-chamber formed in the upper part ot the apparatus. It is afterward conducted to the cylinder by Ineans ot the regulator.

The two cocks R1 R2 are for establishing or intercepting the communication With the airreservoir, which in this application of the said invention is divided into two distinct chainbers, vof which one serves as a reserve. They serve equally at the charging of the reservoir, the key.of the cock R2 being then turned outward. The cock R3 placed below serves for the introduction of vhot water or steam, as well as for the emptying.

The regulator shown in these drawings is o a form embodying the following general idea, viz: To regulate the section of the orifice by which the air ligws by means of a suitable stopper, a valve, or slide, connected with a movable partition or piston, subjected on one side to the pressure of the discharges, and on `mined arbitrarily.

It will be readily understood that the appa- Whose pressure is regulated by the movement the other to a spring whose tension is deterofthe piston P, exerts upon the plate p through the medium ot' the movable india-rubber dia phragm d, an action which tends to determine the flow or discharge on lowering the valve c, and to maintain also a corresponding pressure in the chamber B, which communicates with the motor-cylinder by the distributingcock R. The valve follows automatically the variations ot' the discharge, closing completely the oritice as soon as the latter stops. The intermissions which result from the employ- `ment of the expansion have, therefore, no influence.

For insuring, during the filling of the heater, the closing of the valve, which does not then bear upon its seat with great pressure, as While Working, I apply to it a small spiral spring, s, placed in a box through which the rod t passes.

Finally, to prevent the leakages which may be produced through the packing g, traversed by piston P, the said piston is only made to act indirectly upon the air-spring by means of an interposed cushion of Water which it causes to ow in the annular chamber A. This water, which ills the central space wherein the piston moves when the latter is at the top ot' its stroke, is admitted by the funnelcock e. The air itself is delivered into the chamber B by means of the three-way cock o, which permits, by a very simple movement, the filling ofthe space A with air already having a certain tension. A gageis mounted on this cock. The piston I is actuated by the pressurescrew V, which is controlled by a wheel, and which passes through a nut, E, attached to the apparatus by three iron standards.

By this invention I provide amotor which does not present any ot' the inconveniences accompanying the employment of steam, and that may be applied advantageously to a great number of operations, especially to the working of iron Ways laid in towns, and upon roads for the interior service of mines, or traversing long tunnels in the form of compressed-air locomotives, hydraulic engines, and others in Which there is used, as required, the force accumulated in fixed reservoirs.

It furnishes the means of diminishing the inconvenience ot' tramways to the circulation of trattic, by preventing the necessity of a separate engine, and having the motor ixed in the carriage, which is thus rendered self-moving. The capability of augmenting instantaneously the power of the engine in varying either the pressure, the expansion, or both together, will render them vehicles capable of ascending the steepest gradients. The division of the reservoir into two parts, of which one forms the reserve, permits also the reservation of this available force to the last moment.

The most important result of this invention is the possibility ot' storing the air in carriages at'a very high pressure, (twenty-five atmospheres or higher,) permitting a long journey without recharging the reservoirs; nevertheless, in certain cases where it is desirable to reduce 'the dead-Weight in diminishing the number or size ot' the reservoirs, the charging may be e'ected more frequently by means of supplies of air arranged along the road at suitable distances, and attached to tubes or pas sages fed by the compressingworks.

For the illustration of the application of the preceding, I show in Fig. 3, as an example, the general arrangement of a type of self-moving carriage constructed according to this invention.

A A A are the reservoirs of air placed uuder the frame. Nos. 1 and 2 compose the reserve, the others the main store. B is the heater, Whose details are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This apparatus is placed at the front ot the carriage upon the first platform. R is the regulator. M is the motor mechanism tixed laterally at each side of the frame upon sleepers of plate-iron, or other suitable metal, properly mounted and placed in front of the driving-axle, to effect an equilibrium to the load ot' the passengers gathered upon the rear platform. The body of thecar is adapted to receive about sixteen passengers. The front platform is reserved exclusively to the engineer, and the rear one is for passengers to stand upon.

Havingthus described my invention, what I claim as new is- 1. The regulator, consisting of the combination ofthe piston P, the casing, having annular air-chamber A, the diaphragm d, and the valve-c, supported by spring s.

2. The combination, with the hotwater receptacle, of the regulator and the air-pipe T, terminating in a rose, C, substantially as and for the purpose described.

- LOUIS MKARSKI. Witnesses:

RoBT. M. HoorEn,

JEAN ROLLAND. 

